Sunday, August 23, 2020
Gaonic Society and Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words
Gaonic Society and Culture - Research Paper Example The first ââ¬Å"Gaon of Suraâ⬠was Mar Rab who took the charge in 609 and the latter was Samuel ben Hofni who kicked the bucket in 1034. The last ââ¬Å"Gaon of Pumbeditaâ⬠was Hezekiah Gaon who was anguished and he passed on in 10401. During the ââ¬Å"Golden Ageâ⬠of Arabs Jews were noticeable in the general public and their strict and social practices and financial living prospered. After 681, the Jews were seriously deceived by ââ¬Å"Christian Visigothsâ⬠and thusly they welcomed the Muslim Arabs chiefly the ââ¬Å"Berberâ⬠heros. These winners effectively evacuated the ââ¬Å"Christian Visigothsâ⬠and stopped their oppression, giving the Jews their strict autonomy2. From that point a time of resilience started as Jews dedicated themselves in contemplating technical disciplines, trade and industry to enlarge the flourishing of the nation. They drew in themselves in making an interpretation of Arabic writings into Roman and Greek and Hebrew writings into Arabic. The contribution of the Jews was likewise found in a few different trains, for example, ââ¬Å"botany, geology, medication, arithmetic, verse and philosophy.3â⬠During this time Jewish thoughts bloomed prompting fractional Jewish self-rule. Again uncertainty of the Jews created around 976 and the circumstance further decayed in 1090 with the assault of ââ¬Å"Almoravidsâ⬠, a Muslim protestant order from Morocco. Under their standard Islamic conviction was forced on the Jews. The well known instructive groups of the Jews were shut. At that point by 1085 there was intrusion by the Christian powers. Jewish people group was as yet conspicuous. A few researchers, for example, Maimonides, conceived in 1135, were notable figures in Judaism. Jewish presence despite everything proceeded until they were effectively suspended or changed over by the ââ¬Å"Christian Monarchsâ⬠4 The reason for this paper is to show that the uniqueness of the gaons could be credited t o their devotion and practices separated from their academic gifts and accomplishments which reflect order, honesty and insight. The Gaons, their training and religion During the Islamic time frame, because of the nonappearance of corporate gatherings, the marketed and made society of the European assortment was not confined to those individuals having dominant part faith in Islamic culture. There was critical likeness among the Muslim and Jewish practices. This energized adaptable associations between the Jews and Muslims in financial exercises and drove the Jewish to embrace liberal mentality towards the Muslims. They wanted to in creating business agreements and settling questions in the Muslim strict courts rather than early Talmudic denial. As indicated by one of the Babylonian Geonim this training was verifiably perceived by the Jewish legal executive because of shared confidence. ââ¬Å"Ashkenazic rabbisâ⬠endured on severe recognition of Talmudic controls. Thusly the Ge onim and later halakhic experts in the ââ¬Å"medieval Arab worldâ⬠questioned on Jews pertinence to Muslim courts and stressed on consistent Talmudic boycott. The Gaon in the wake of considering numerous conflicting scriptural stanzas displays that they do exclude annulment. Islamic strict articulations were utilized in ââ¬Å"Judaeo-Arabicâ⬠composing of the Jewish researchers. Saadya Gaon, the principal incredible ââ¬Å"rabbinicâ⬠who wrote in Arabic alluded intentionally to the ââ¬Å"Torahâ⬠. His Arabic interpretation of the Bible mirrored an incorporation of ââ¬Å"Arabic-Islamicâ⬠culture. The extensive likeness between the Jewish and Islamic law, the comparing activity of both of their legitimate frameworks and their sharing of phonetic talk over
Friday, August 21, 2020
The Royal Prerogative is a feature of the UK Constitution in need of Essay
The Royal Prerogative is a component of the UK Constitution needing radical change - Essay Example Investigation The activity of the imperial privilege powers has been reduced. Nowadays, there has been away from of forces that has been have been designated to both the executive and the crown, however quite a bit of these forces are exercisable by the prime minster. Nonetheless, leaving bit of these forces in the hands of the crown has next to zero impact, to such a degree, that it doesn't bode well having these forces vested in the crown1. It is significant for the individuals of the United Kingdom to understand that circumstances are different, and conditions are extraordinary. The requirements that prompted presenting such powers to the crown have now become non-existent. This leaves the eminence as a toothless bulldog that can not chomp anymore. All together for the United Kingdom to completely ponder itself from the shackles of history, the royaltyââ¬â¢s far reaching forces ought to be completely consigned to parliament and just go about as a stately organ2. The monarchâ⠬â¢s established nearness should never again be an explanation behind discussion among the erudite people. The freedom of the legal executive is accomplished by guaranteeing that the legal executive doesn't go about as a mouth bit of the official. Before, the activity of such powers has neglected to mirror the desires of the bigger enthusiasm of the individuals of United Kingdom, rather has been utilized as a device for the government to meet its own ends3. The legal executive, then again was ripped off its autonomies it couldn't scrutinize the activity of such powers of the sovereignty. These spoiled and sabotaged the presentation of the legal executive. In this way, the legal executive ought to be ensured assurance from the crown so as to be act without dread or favour4. The ability to bargain in issues of remote issues ought to be recovered from the hands of the crown and be left with the council , who are in a superior situation to institute laws that ensures the power of the u nified realm and its kin and to likewise advance the great neighborliness with different nations. It likewise advocates for better and productive reliance, in situations where the nations included come in to shape a significant financial block5. Truly, the assembly was likewise on account of the crown and has not completely banished the ruler from practicing these forces as she despite everything has the sole order to designate the prime minster6. This extraordinarily influences the forces and elements of the prime minster, as the individual needs to act in predisposition, of the crown who delegated him. The head administrator at that point turns into a manikin for the ruler to act as indicated by the impulses of the ruler. The outcome is that the whole governing body is customized to meet the wants of the crown to the detriment of the enthusiasm of the residents of the United Kingdom7. The governing body ought to in this way be liberated from the chains of the crown, and preparing it through laws, to have the option to run its undertakings and make its arrangement with no impedance from the ruler. The bills that additionally precede parliament will concentrate on the bigger enthusiasm of the individuals of the United Kingdom as opposed to a littler minority which is the crown8. The old work on summoning the United Kingdom to be controlled by divine privileges of rulers has made the United Kingdom linger behind from achieving majority rules system for its kin. The privilege intensity of the ruler has regularly been
Friday, July 10, 2020
Comparing Essay Samples - How To Find The Most Comparative Essay Samples For Free
Comparing Essay Samples - How To Find The Most Comparative Essay Samples For FreeThe main thing you have to bear in mind is that the more of a comparative essay samples you look for, the better the chance you will get. We all are, for the most part, equipped with what we need to be able to produce essays that are more impressive than we ever could in our lives.I know, the concept of writing essays seems somewhat daunting, especially to someone with just a little bit of subject matter knowledge. But the more you start looking for the more comparisons you are bound to find. You might even find something by accident that would help you on your way.Of course you are going to get a lot of the essays available samples in books. There are a few that are out there already and most of the time they are only one chapter or two. You will not find a large number of them, and that is a fact of life in this day and age. It is up to you, as the writer, to find other ways to add to the number you fi nd.Of course if you are not willing to spend money and have money problems you can always go for the free online resources to use. Just make sure you do not end up getting plagiarized material in your hands, because no matter how good it is the quality of your writing does not improve with time.You will find plenty of sites on the internet where you can get essays samples. There are some on Amazon, but the majority are free. Go to Google and type in these keywords: writing samples, essay samples, thesis sample, essay samples and then you will find a few hundred to several thousand results, depending on what you choose.As you can see, there are many options to choose from, so your ultimate goal should be to find the best possible comparative essay samples on the market. You want something that is not only original but also original in your own perspective.Because I wrote this article I have found a couple of great essays samples online. They are great and I recommend you check them o ut for yourself. They are excellent examples of comparative essay samples and you will find them extremely helpful in your goal to write your own superior essay.
Wednesday, May 20, 2020
American Desecration or Legal Articulation - 693 Words
According to Landmark cases of the U.S Supreme Court, in 1984 a gentleman by the name of Gregory Lee Johnson was charged with desecrating a greatly respected object (the American Flag). His Sentence consisted of one year in prison and a $2,000 fine. Johnson was not happy with this ruling and appealed his case with two further Texas courts. Johnsonââ¬â¢s second appeal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which is the highest court in Texas that hears criminal cases, overturned his conviction, saying that the State, consistent with the First Amendment, could not punish Johnson for burning the flag in these circumstances (http://www.streetlaw.org/en/Page/674/Background_summary__questions_). . Cornell University Law School defines the First Amendment as follows: The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is important for the common good so that all American citizens are able to express him/her in a way that he/she each sees fit and upholds the integrity of each personâ â¬â¢s individual personality and individuality. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals decision in Johnsonââ¬â¢s favor benefits the interests of all by protecting the first amendment right. In the case of Texas V. Johnson, I rule in favor of Johnson for the following reasons: Freedom of speech, protecting individual rights from government interference, and protecting individual rights from state interference. The first reason I rule in favor of Johnson in this case is because of the First Amendment toShow MoreRelatedBogen (1983) States That The Main Specify Of The Right1532 Words à |à 7 PagesBogen (1983) states that the main specify of the right to freedom of speech in the essential sanction of any province before the American Revolution alluded to the privileges of administrators amid sessions of the lawmaking body. The significance given the term in this restricted setting affected its importance when connected to the entire society. The improvement of parliamentary benefit exhibits an acknowledgment in early America of the connection amongst discourse and the political procedure and
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Motivation and Personality - 2985 Words
Sports psychology Personality and Motivation. P1. Personality is the sum of those characteristics that make a person unique. Personality has been defined as an individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, behaviour, together with the psychological mechanisms. Personality has many different characteristics that make an individual different to others these can be positive and negative for example being shy can be a negative effect on sport as you donââ¬â¢t give yourself enough motivation or even motivation to others, however being confident in sports can benefit them as individuals and the people around them as you can motivate others as your confident to do that. These are called characteristics. Personality has many differentâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Type A The people that fall into this personality are usually very impatient, very competitive and have a strong urge to win, they also have huge desire to achieve goals that people have set them or that they have set themselves. They also like complete tasks that have been set to them as quickly as possible as they feel they have the need to achieve, they will happily multi-task when placed under heavy time constraints. They also lack tolerance towards other people and also tend to experience higher levels of anxiety. Type B People who are type B are the type of people who tend to be more tolerant towards other people and have a lot more patience. They are a lot more relaxed than their type a counterparts. They donââ¬â¢t experience as much anxiety as Type A and therefore will not be stressed as much and more laid back, they have been known to experience and display higher levels of imagination and creativity. The next theory is Situational approach. Situational approach is the complete opposite to trait theory as trait theory is more internal and situational approach is more about external and about the environment; however you cannot predict a sports personââ¬â¢s behaviour. Situational approach is split up into two groups one of them is modelling which is where people show off there personality by trying to act like someone else and try to impersonate theyââ¬â¢re look, the other group is reinforcementShow MoreRelatedPersonality And Motivation : Analyze A Personality1123 Words à |à 5 PagesPersonality and Motivation - Analyze a Personality I have chosen to write about myself. I am consistently trying to improve myself both personally and professionally. According to the test that we took previously for class on the Keirsey website, I am an INFJ. This stands for introverted, intuitive, feeling, and judging. Keirsey identifies INFJââ¬â¢s as counselors. We care deeply about others and their feelings. Sometimes we often notice the feeling of others before they themselves were aware. We preferRead MorePersonality and Motivation Leaflet3258 Words à |à 14 PagesPersonality ââ¬â the sums of the characteristics that make a person uniqueââ¬â BTEC NATIONAL SPORT Personality ââ¬â the sums of the characteristics that make a person uniqueââ¬â BTEC NATIONAL SPORT 1)Martens Schematic view. 2) The Psycho dynamic theory 3)Trait Theory 4) Situational approach 5) Interactional theory 1)Martens Schematic view. 2) The Psycho dynamic theory 3)Trait Theory 4) Situational approach 5) Interactional theory There are a number of theories and approaches that have beenRead MoreMaslow s Motivation And Personality1604 Words à |à 7 PagesAccording to Robert Frager, editor of the third edition of Maslowââ¬â¢s Motivation and Personality, the theorist Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first of seven children born to Russian - Jewish immigrants. While Maslowââ¬â¢s father was uneducated, he pushed his son academically and encouraged him to become a lawyer. Maslow began his extensive education at City College of New York but later told his father that he did not want to study law. In 1928, after marrying hisRead MoreMotivation, Personality, Perception, Attitude2396 Words à |à 10 PagesMotivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action. This driving force is produced by a state of uncomfortable tension, which exists as the result of an unsatisfied need. Al1 individuals have needs, wants, and desires. The individuals subconscious drive to reduce need-induced tensions results in behavior that he or she anticipates will satisfy needs and thus bring about a more comfortable internal state. All behavior is goal oriented. Goals are the sought, after resultsRead MoreThe Effects Of Personality And Motivation On Sports Performance3716 Words à |à 15 Pagesgoing to talk about the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance and I will do this by looking at the different theories relating to sports performance and how sports athletes deal with the effects of personality and motivation in sports performances. What is personality and how does it affect sports performance? Personality is the sum of a personââ¬â¢s individual characteristics that make him/her unique. (Adams et al, 2010) A personââ¬â¢s personality determines how they react in certainRead MoreThe Effect of Personality and Motivation on Sports Performance2783 Words à |à 12 PagesFor this assignment I will explain the effect of personality and motivation on sports performance. Introduction Personality is the sum of a personââ¬â¢s individual characteristics that make him/her unique. (Adams et al, 2010) A personââ¬â¢s personality determines how they react in certain situations, their general mood and the consistency of it and their emotions. Personality can affect many aspects of sport right from the selection process because as well as raw talent, coaches need performers toRead MorePersonality, Attitudes, Values and Motivation Essay3739 Words à |à 15 PagesAn individualââ¬â¢s effectiveness in the workplace often depends on his/her personality, attitudes and values, along with his/her motivation to succeed. Concurrently, the perception, attitudes and values of colleagues in the workplace play a role in determining the individualââ¬â¢s effectiveness. Understanding these characteristics of employees can be very crucial for organizations to operate successfully. At the same time, it is essential that employees understand the values associated with the organiz ationRead MoreStrength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments Motivation1466 Words à |à 6 PagesStrength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments Motivation In my paper regarding Strength Finder 2.0 assessment (Rath) I came to understand how valuable various assessments are in the development of my leadership abilities. About a year ago I took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment (The Myers Briggs Foundation); I was identified as an ENTJ and ENFJ (split personality). I recently took another assessment dealing with my behavioral style (Style Analysis). The strength finderRead MoreThe Big 5 Personality Theory And Academic Motivation2001 Words à |à 9 PagesThe Big 5 trait personality theory has been developed during the 196oââ¬â¢s with various modifications up until today. The purpose of this paper is to look at the correlation between the Big 5 theory and academic motivation and performance, a very important area in our culture. This paper first looks at the history of the theory and lays out descriptions of the 5 factors within the theory; it then continues with three sections that show research and findings from elementary school to secondary schoolRead MoreTesco s And Selection, Personality And Finally Motivation1789 Words à |à 8 Pagesdiscussing the different types of key theories and practises used in each of the business and how they have helped the business to become successful. The three key areas that this assignment will be based upon are Recruitment and Selection, Personality and finally Motivation. Tescoââ¬â¢s was first found in 1919 by Jack Cohen since the it has grown in to the largest supermarket retailer in the United Kingdom which also operates in fourteen other countries across Asia, Europe and North America. Tescoââ¬â¢s revenue
Chronic Conditions Of The Participant â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Chronic Conditions Of The Participant. Answer: The chronic conditions of the participant - Paralysis Aim: The interview aimed to gather information about the lived experience of an individual with a physical chronic condition. Background history of the participants condition During the interview, I questioned a participant known as John Smith. John is a second-year student at Victoria University Footscray Campus studying arts. He is a very social person who interacts with individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. After graduation, John hopes to secure a job position in the public sector. John developed paralysis at a very young age. Paralysis is the inability to control movements or detect various sensations such as temperature and touch (Cody, 2011). Specifically, paralysis is a symptom rather than an actual condition that manifests due to the impairment or loss of motor function (McCarthy Warrington, 2013). Paralysis is primarily caused by damages in the nervous system. Key findings from the interview (quotes) John was diagnosed with paralysis at the age of only 5 months. According to John it does not hurt or pain. He still has some movement with his paralysed leg. However, the paralysed leg does not function fully. I asked him whether he has a better sense of control over his condition between now and the time when he was first diagnosed. He noted that there was a great improvement of his condition, which is progressive as he matures. John's response was I am glad it happened when I was a young baby because it is much different when such as condition develops at a matured age. Besides, John notes that he did not experience stress and trauma because he was very young. I also asked John to explain how his condition developed and his parents response. He was unaware of how he developed paralysis as well as the parents response towards managing his condition. During the interview, John informed me that he does not take any medication to manage the condition because it was unnecessary. The medical team has, however, informed John that he could undergo a reconstruction surgery. John is said he is not keen on undergoing surgery. I asked John how he dealt with his condition when it happened. Based on his response, he would crawl to move around. He started using clutches at a mature age. John was very excited to use the clutches for the first time although it was difficult to learn. The society's perception has not influenced John's thoughts about his condition. I wanted to know how he has developed resilience, which gives him adaptive responses to adversity (Cal, S, Glustak, Santiago, 2015). His response was I am glad that I never think more about the negativity of a situation. I am a person who focuses on the positive aspects of a condition and strives to do what I can achieve. On the other hand, John thinks his condition has changed over time. At times, he considers embracing the suggestions of the medical team about undergoing surgical treatment. However, John is happy with his current condition and wants to retain it. Some of the thoughts that John has are how could it be? What could happen? What if? Fortunately, John is confident and comfortable managing his condition independently. He has the sense of self-management and does most of his duties. For instance, he can wash. The participant further noted that he is not disappointed because he has total control over his health journey. There are however several people who help John to manage his condition. Johns family has been a vital partner in offering social support. Families play an important role in managing patients with chronic condition (Rosland Piette, 2010). The family exhibits collaboration in helping John to live a quality and normal life as well as manage his condition. The family caters for all the basic needs of John helping him to lead a normal life. Evidently, the parents have helped to educate John up to the university level. Due to this overwhelming social support, John has never gone to seek for assistance outside his family. On his side, John assists the family when he is able. At the university, John is accorded several privileges due to his condition. For instance, he is allowed to rest even during classes. Also, he is given extensions to complete assignments. His tutors also send John lecture recordings. John is unaware of any organisation that supports people with paralysis. Outside the academic setting, John has been participating in sports to improve the outcome of his condition. Johns primary leisure activity was playing wheelchairs basketball in a team. The behaviour of John shows that he understood the importance of physiotherapy in restoring some motor functions (Papadakis, McPhee, Rabow, 2013). However, things have changed since he joined the university. There have been workloads that prevent him from playing wheelchairs basket ball. John also enjoys singing and has participated in the school choir from the year 2010 to 2012. Apart from the involvement in sports and school choir, Johns philosophy about life has further helped him to manage his condition. His philosophy is most importantly be aware of what you can and cannot do. John told me there are ramps and elevators in most places where he visits. As such, he has to replace the bottom part of his clutches, the part that comes into contact with the ground, every month. Even though he has a whe elchair, John prefers to use the clutches because they are comfortable and allows him to move around easily. Analysis of psychological and social issues raised in the interview The interview reveals several themes of personal control. I conclude that Johns explanatory style is an optimistic explanatory style. An optimistic explanatory style is a case whereby an individual does not blame the outside forces for negative events (Weiss Berger, 2010). In the case of John, he did not blame anyone for what happened to him and hoped that things would get better. In fact, he has a positive mindset regarding his condition. As a result, John has a strong sense of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a facilitator of psychosocial rehabilitation, health-behaviour change, and health maintenance in individuals with chronic conditions (Martz, 2017). According to the findings of the interview, John has initiated psychosocial rehabilitation and even adopted health-behaviour change. His interactions with people in public help him to gain confidence, learn how to handle his duties and roles in the society. Notably, John walks and washes on his own despite his condition. The findin gs of the interview further reveal that John has an internal locus of control. Some patients feel they have control over some aspects of their conditions and can control reoccurrence (Dubey, 2012). John believes that he has more control over his condition and can do various things without hindrances. An internal locus of control is associated with positive health outcomes (Berglund, Lytsy, Westerling, 2014). This aspect is evident in the case of John since he had improved significantly from the time when he was diagnosed with paralysis. My experience of being the interviewer As an interviewer, I was delighted to get first-hand information from an individual who has a chronic condition. It was a privilege to interview John who is living with a physical chronic condition. From this interview, I learnt a lot about the management of the physical chronic condition. The participant explained his condition, experience and how he manages his condition. It is notable that health and social care research helps health care provider to frame the problem of understanding a chronically ill patient from different possible viewpoint (Torsi, 2012). Even though it was my first time to conduct such an interview, it was very helpful to me. At first, I was nervous because I did not know the participant who I was interviewing. In addition, preparing for the interview was challenging. The primary challenge was in designing the questions and systematically organising them. In the course of the interview, I learnt that the participant was a lovely person, easy and interesting to converse with. I could have prepared more questions because I felt that my questions were not enough for the 30 minutes interview. However, that was just a small shortcoming, and I enjoyed the rest of the interview. References Berglund, E., Lytsy, P., Westerling, R. (2014). The influence of locus of control on self-rated health in context of chronic disease: a structural equation modeling approach in a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health , 14 (1), 492. Cal, S., S, L., Glustak, M., Santiago, M. (2015). Resilience in chronic diseases: a systematic review. Cogent Psychology , 2 (1), 1024928. Cody, J. (2011). Comprehensive medical assisting exam review: Preparation for the CMA, RMA and CMAS exams. Clifton Park NY: Delmar Pub. Dubey, A. (2012). Psychological Perspectives on Chronic Illnesses. Concept Publishing Company. Martz, E. (2017). Promoting self-management of chronic health conditions: Theories and practice. Oxford University Press. McCarthy, R., Warrington, E. (2013). Cognitive neuropsychology: A clinical introduction. Academic press. Papadakis, M., McPhee, S., Rabow, M. (2013). Current medical diagnosis treatment 2013. McGraw-Hill Medical. Rosland, A., Piette, J. (2010). Emerging models for mobilizing family support for chronic disease management: a structured review. Chronic illness , 6 (1), 7-21. Torsi, S. (2012). The self management of chronic conditions. Academic Publishing. Weiss, T., Berger, R. (2010). Posttraumatic growth and culturally competent practice: Lessons learned from around the globe. John Wiley Sons.
Thursday, April 23, 2020
Language in Animal Farm free essay sample
Unable to intelligently think for themselves, the animals are easily misguided into thinking that the pigs, who become the new leaders, are acting on their behalf. All the while the pigs begin to act more selfishly and make decisions based on their own desires rather than what is in the best interest of all animals. Allegorically through the pigsââ¬â¢ abuse of Animalism, their manipulation of language, and their use of fear tactics, Orwell exemplifies the theme power corrupts those who possess it. The corruption of power manifests itself in the pigsââ¬â¢ abuse of Animalism. The pigs make decisions based on their wants and what best suits their needs. They keep the apples and milk for themselves so that they remain healthy and in charge. Napoleon believes that the pigââ¬â¢s needs are above all other animals. The pigs use their power to convince the other animals to perform all the labor. We will write a custom essay sample on Language in Animal Farm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clearly, Orwell demonstrates the hypocrisy displayed by the pigs in putting their own well-being over the other animals, especially since all animals initially agreed that no one should preside over the others as is the case in a dictatorship. Furthermore, the pigs are greedy to the extent that they are concerned with having the best food and living circumstances for themselves (Gardner 5). By the end of the novel, the pigs sleep in beds, drink whiskey, wear clothes, and walk on two feetââ¬âall of which are specifically stated in the commandments as an act that no one shall commit. In the beginning of the story, Old Major states, ââ¬Å"All the habits of Man are evilâ⬠(Orwell 8). Eventually, the pigs take on many of the same behaviors that humans possess. The pigs begin to trade just as humans do and form alliances, which is against the commandments originally reated by the animals (Gardner 7). These actions directly conflict with the seven commandments established to support the idea of Animalism. Old Major said, ââ¬Å"All animals are equal. â⬠(Orwell 8) Despite the fact that the pigs slowly change over time and inequality becomes evident, the animals ultimately follow pigsââ¬â¢ lead. Animalism nonchal antly fades over time in a manner that the animals are unable to identify at what point the change begins to happen. Furthermore, the crooked pigs use language to manipulate the other animals on the farm. Squealer represents a Communist Soviet government in front of the media and uses propaganda as a means of controlling the people. He justifies the pigsââ¬â¢ corruption of power through his frequent reminders to the people of their life under Mr. Jones. Squealer makes statements such as, ââ¬Å"Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back? â⬠(Orwell 49). This manipulative and brainwashing strategy is Squealerââ¬â¢s most effective argument for the pigs continuing their rule over the animals. After all, in the beginning of the story Old Major leads the animals to believe that only man is a threat to them and that the animals have nothing in common with man. Old Major is wise, and all of the animals believe what he said about man. They have no reason to believe some of their own could be a threat. These beliefs serve as the guide for the commandments (Smyer 15). Rightfully, the animals do not want Mr. Jones to return, so despite what the changes they see among the pigs, anything seems better than having Mr. Jones rule the farm. Using rhetoric, Squealer reminds the animals that Napoleon favored building the windmill from the very beginning even taking credit for the idea, while neglecting to say that Napoleon opposed this idea under Snowballââ¬â¢s rule (Gardner 6). Coincidentally, the dogs are present to growl before the animals are able to question or conclude anything different than what Squealer says. Manipulation of the animals through the use of propaganda continues with Boxerââ¬â¢s death. Boxer is very honest and hard-working, but tragically ignorant. He supports Napoleonââ¬â¢s rule regardless of Napoleonââ¬â¢s increasing dictatorship. When Boxer becomes ill, Napoleon sends him to the knackers to be slaughtered while Squealer tells the people that Boxer is in the hospital. Squealer has no respect for the devotion and support that Boxer gives to Napoleonââ¬â¢s rule. In fact, ropaganda is used so much to manipulate the animals that very little is said when the time for retirement comes and goes. Napoleon said, ââ¬Å"The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugallyâ⬠(Orwell 88). Boxer believes everything that Napoleon says and thus ultimately agrees that he needs to work harder even though he was at r etirement age. This ignorance leads to Boxerââ¬â¢s demise. The knackers kill Boxer and turn him into dog food. The other animals try to warn Boxer as he is taken away. However, Squealer convinces the animals that Napoleon will take care of Boxer and see that he is placed in the hospital (Gardner 6). This scenario is another example of the propaganda that is used to manipulate the animals into accepting the rules that the pigs want the animals to follow. Additionally, the pigsââ¬â¢ corruption and abuse of power is apparent in how they use fear tactics on the animals to achieve their goals. Napoleon needs the hensââ¬â¢ eggs to trade for money, but the hens refused to give up their eggs. Therefore, Napoleon issued the following decree, ââ¬Å"that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by deathâ⬠(Orwell 54). Also, Napoleon uses fear to scare the animals by making them believe that Snowball would come back and harm the farm or themselves in some way. They believed that ââ¬Å"Snowball were some kind of invisible influence, pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangersâ⬠(Orwell 56). Likewise, Napoleon uses dogs to create fear among the animals. He takes Jessie and Bluebellââ¬â¢s puppies and thoroughly indoctrinates them in his rule. When the puppies grow into adult dogs, they are brainwashed into supporting and following Napoleon regardless of his selfishness. Ironically, dogs are known to be manââ¬â¢s best friend. The fact that Napoleon has dogs just like humans is significant in that the pigs emulate human behaviors (Elbarbary 5). Orwell illustrates how corruption exists as a part of power and how corruption is evident in the pigsââ¬â¢ abuse of Animalism, how the pigs manipulate language to confuse and mislead the animals, and how they instill fear in the animals if they attempt to say anything different from what the pigs say. The corruption and power in Animal Farm closely parallels the relationship between corruption and power that is seen in todayââ¬â¢s government. Frequently, elected officials are being brought up on ethics violations or at a minimum their motives are questioned. Additionally, just as the animals are aware of what Napoleon is doing to stay above the others, public opinion about elected officials is very much the same. The public is always wondering about the ethics, morals, and values of elected officials. In comparison to the public, Animal Farm is comparable to todayââ¬â¢s society. Corruption is at the forefront of the story and greed and hunger for power destroys what is good. Works Citied ââ¬Å"Animal Farm. â⬠George Orwell. Averil Gardner. Boston: Twayne, 1987. 96-107. Twayneââ¬â¢s English Authors Series 455. Twayne s Authors Online. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. Elbarbary, Samir. ââ¬Å"Language as Theme in Animal Farm. â⬠International Fiction Review 19. 1 (1992): 31-38. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Joseph Palmisano. Vol. 68. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 3 Feb. 2012. ââ¬Å"Trees into Books, Books into Trees. â⬠Animal Farm: Pastoralism and Politics. Ricard I Smyer. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988. 96-133. Twayneââ¬â¢s Masterwork Studies 19. Twayne s Authors Online. Web. 12 Feb. 2012.
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